As an entrepreneur, knowing the differences between the various forms of companies is important to know, including those related to perum and persero. Both are types of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) that are still considered dominant as drivers of the national economy. Perum and persero are business entities owned and operated by the government with the aim of integrating economic and social aspects. However, although both have relatively similar goals, there are important differences in the definitions and characteristics of each business entity. In the following article, we will explain more about perum and how it differs from a persero. Check it out until the end!
What is Perum?
Perum or Perusahaan Umum is a company that is part of a state-owned enterprise whose entire capital is owned by the state. In the past, Perum was also called Perusahaan Negara or PN. Like companies in general that are profit-oriented, this company also aims to make a profit. the difference is that the profits from this company are categorized as state revenue. Yes, referring to Law (UU) No. 19 of 2003, perum SOEs are not allowed to be owned by other parties. The government’s control of all BUMN perum shares certainly has its own purpose, which concerns the livelihood of many people. It is feared that if some of the shares are owned by the private sector or other parties, the goal of serving the community or public benefit will not be achieved. Some examples of perums in Indonesia include the General Company for Printing Money of the Republic of Indonesia (Perum Peruri) and the State Forestry General Company (Perum Perhutani). Where Perum Peruri is tasked with printing money and stamps, while Perum Perhutani is managing state-owned land and forests located on the islands of Java and Madura.
What is a Persero?
Persero (Limited Liability Company) is also a state-owned enterprise, but with slight differences in its structure and operational rules. A persero is a company whose capital consists of shares, is owned by at least two people and aims to make a profit. In the case of SOEs with PT status, 51 percent of the company’s shares must be owned by the Indonesian government. As the capital consists of these shares, share ownership with this status can be directly transferred without having to dissolve the company. In addition, the company can also sell shares to the public through an initial public offering (IPO) scheme on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Examples of state-owned enterprises in the form of a persero include PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PT KAI), PT Pertamina, PT Telkom, all state-owned enterprises engaged in banking, and PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk.
What is the difference between Perum and Persero?
As explained, although both are part of SOEs and owned by the government, the purpose and nature of their operations are different. In addition, in terms of corporate regulation and structure, perums are subject to the laws governing state companies, while limited liability companies are governed by PT law. Here’s a full explanation:
Capital Structure
As mentioned above, a persero is a company whose capital consists of shares, while a perum does not. The entire capital of a persero comes from the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. An SOE can be a persero, whether it is public or not, as long as the government owns 51% or more of the company’s shares. This difference then results in SOEs with perum status not being able to obtain other sources of capital either from the wider community or from certain circles only. In contrast, a company with the status of a persero can obtain capital from the general public with an IPO mechanism or sell its shares to a certain audience (persero). This also has an impact on profit distribution. The distribution of perum profits will fully return to the government as non-tax revenue, while PT profits will flow to the government if BUMN and other investors.
Business Focus
Although both aim to make a profit, the main focus of perum is to provide goods and services that benefit the community. On the other hand, the focus of the company’s business is to make a profit. This makes perum businesses generally focus more on things that are vital to society and must be controlled by the government. For example, if PERURI prints more money than it should, the country’s economy could experience a recession. Therefore, this business must be managed by the state. On the other hand, the business model of a company with a persero status is more flexible. The company can provide online motorcycle taxi services, online marketplaces to mining. Even companies with state-owned company status can have subsidiaries that work outside the business of the parent company.
Employment Status
Although fully owned by the government, the status of Perum employees is not civil servants or PPPK. The employment status of this company is also the same as other BUMN companies, so it is not impossible that Perum employees do not have pension funds like civil servants. As for the employment status of PT, it can be distinguished between PTs that are members of BUMN or not. Employees of BUMN companies can be referred to as BUMN employees, while for other companies they can be referred to as private employees. Both BUMN with the status of PT and perum are currently looking for employees with a joint BUMN recruitment mechanism.
Mechanism of Establishment
The mechanism for establishing an Indonesian limited liability company is quite complicated, because in addition to having to take care of many documents, such as the Company Domicile Certificate (SKDP), company establishment deed, or NPWP, entrepreneurs must also request authorization at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. Even the process of establishing a persero from the initial stage to the end can take more than 1 month. As for the establishment of Perum, it must be proposed by the Minister to the President after the Minister has conducted various necessary evaluations. Article 35 of the SOE Law states that there are three criteria in establishing a Perum, namely a business field that is beneficial to many people, not solely for profit, and in accordance with the economies of scale needed to run a business entity. The establishment of perum also does not have to go through the process of making deeds and others. This type of company can be established only with the issuance of a Government Regulation. Another thing that distinguishes perum from perseroan is the reporting and accountability mechanism. In this case, the director of perum must be accountable to the relevant minister, while the accountability of the company’s directors and commissioners must be given at the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS).
Is it better to be Perum or Persero?
The existence of companies with the status of perum and persero in BUMN must be managed. The reason is, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of perum, for example, is that not all businesses are suitable for profit. There are certain businesses that must be provided by the government so that the state can earn income smoothly, regardless of whether the business is profitable or not.
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But on the other hand, a limited liability company also has a number of advantages where the company can obtain additional capital from the public, so that it can also oversee the company’s performance and make its performance cleaner and more optimal.
KH Contact
Thus the summary and explanation of perum and its difference with persero. Hopefully this article can be useful, especially for KH Pals who are currently in the business world and running company operations. If you still have questions about other companies, you can also consult with Kontrak Hukum. Together with our professional experts, you can consult anytime and anywhere for free 100% online without face to face. In addition, we also provide services for the establishment of various forms of business entities such as limited liability companies (PT) including the required legality documents, namely deeds, SK, NIB, OSS, NPWP, and business addresses. Let’s simplify all your business and company affairs by visiting the KH Services – Establishment of Persero page. For other service information, please contact us at Tanya KH, as well as via direct message (DM) to Instagram Kontrak Hukum.
